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Nutrition, Diet and Exercise in Pregnancy

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the best ways to support your well-being and the development of your baby. Research indicates that a balanced diet and consistent physical activity before, during and after pregnancy can reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension and the likelihood of a C-section delivery.

Exercise During Pregnancy

For patients with an uncomplicated pregnancy, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends approximately 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.

Recommended activities include:
  • Brisk walking and swimming
  • Bicycling
  • Modified Yoga and Pilates (avoiding positions that require lying flat on your back or stomach)

Nutritional Foundations

A well-balanced diet ensures your baby receives the essential nutrients for growth. To maintain optimal nutrition:
  • Prenatal Vitamins: Take a daily vitamin to ensure adequate intake of folic acid, iron and calcium.
  • Balanced Plates: Aim to fill half of your plate with fruits and vegetables at each meal.
  • Lean Proteins: Prioritize healthy sources such as poultry, eggs and low-mercury fish.
  • Limit Sugars: Avoid highly processed foods, sodas and sweets.
Recommended Weight Gain
Weight gain goals are based on your pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI). If you are expecting twins or have specific digestive conditions, please consult with your provider for a personalized plan.

 

Starting Weight (BMI)
Total Recommended Weight Gain
Weekly Gain (2nd & 3rd Trimester)

Underweight (< 18.5) | 28–40 lbs | 1–1.3 lbs
Normal Weight (18.5–24.9) | 25–35 lbs | 0.8–1 lb
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 15–25 lbs | 0.5–0.7 lb
Obese (> 30.0) | 11–20 lbs | 0.4–0.6 lb


Food Safety and Dietary Restrictions

Fish and Mercury Levels

While fish is an excellent protein source, some varieties contain high levels of mercury and should be avoided, such as king mackerel and swordfish. Safer options include salmon, trout, shrimp, catfish and flounder.

Caffeine and Alcohol
  • Caffeine: Daily intake should not exceed 200 mg (roughly one 12-ounce cup of coffee). Most teas and sodas range from 30–80 mg per serving.
  • Alcohol: There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent developmental damage, avoid all beer, wine and liquor across every trimester.
Vegetarian and Vegan Diets

If you follow a plant-based diet, it is essential to monitor your intake of protein, iron and calcium. Since Vitamin B12 is found primarily in animal products, please discuss potential supplementation with your provider.

Preventing Foodborne Illness (Listeria)
Listeria is a rare but serious foodborne illness that can lead to preterm labor or miscarriage. To reduce your risk, avoid the following:
  • Unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses (such as brie or feta, unless made with pasteurized milk)
  • Unwashed raw fruits and vegetables
  • Smoked seafood or meats
  • Hot dogs, lunch meats and cold cuts (unless heated until steaming)

Prenatal Care & Testing Schedule

Throughout your pregnancy, our team performs a series of routine evaluations and tests to monitor the health and development of both you and your baby. While high-risk pregnancies may require a specialized plan, the outline below represents the typical schedule of visits and clinical milestones for our obstetric patients.

Frequency of Visits

  • First Visit to 26 Weeks: Every 4 weeks
  • 26 to 32 Weeks: Every 3 weeks
  • 32 to 36 Weeks: Every 2 weeks
  • 36 Weeks to Delivery: Weekly

At every appointment, our team will record your weight and blood pressure and perform a urine dipstick. After 12–14 weeks, your doctor or midwife will listen to the baby's heartbeat using a Doppler, and starting at 20 weeks, we will measure your fundal height to ensure consistent growth.

Key Milestones & Routine Testing

Initial Prenatal Consultation

During your first comprehensive visit, your provider will perform a full physical exam and establish your clinical baseline. This includes:

  • Comprehensive History: Review of past medical history, prior pregnancies, surgeries and current medications.
  • Lab Work: Screening for Blood Type (A, B, O), Rh status, antibody status, anemia, Hepatitis B, HIV, Rubella immunity and Syphilis.
  • Diagnostic Tests: Urine culture to check for infection, a Pap smear (if indicated) and screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
  • Confirmation Ultrasound: Usually performed after 8 weeks to confirm the baby's heartbeat and establish an estimated due date.

11–14 Weeks: First Trimester Screening

Patients may opt for early screening for specific birth defects. This includes a specialized ultrasound to measure the "Nuchal Translucency" (fluid at the back of the baby's neck) combined with a blood test.

20 Weeks: Anatomy Ultrasound

This detailed scan evaluates the baby's growth and fluid levels while closely examining the heart, brain, bladder, kidneys, face and limbs. While this is often the time when the baby’s sex can be determined, the primary clinical focus is on structural development.

24–28 Weeks: Glucose & Rh Screening

  • Glucose Tolerance Test: All patients are screened for gestational diabetes. You do not need to fast, but you should avoid eating for 1–2 hours before the test. We will check your blood sugar exactly one hour after you finish the glucose drink.
  • Anemia Check: A repeat blood count is often performed at this time.
  • RhoGAM Injection: If you have Rh-negative blood, we will repeat your antibody screen and administer a RhoGAM injection to prevent blood type mismatch complications.

35–37 Weeks: Group B Strep (GBS) Screening

We perform a routine swab to check for Group B Strep, a common bacteria found in approximately 30% of women. While GBS is not an infection, its presence requires the administration of antibiotics during labor to protect the baby from potential infection after birth.

36 Weeks to Delivery: Final Preparations

As you approach your due date, your provider may perform internal exams to check for cervical changes, particularly if you are experiencing increased pressure or contractions.

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